Math KG : Shapes and Solids

Plane Geometry

Plane geometry is about flat shapes like lines, circles, triangles... 
That is , Shapes that can be drawn on a piece of paper.

Point

A point is an exact location. It has no size, only position.

we can show point as dots so that it can be seen. Also named it as 'A'. But point really don't have size at all.





Line

Line is a straight which has no curves,no thickness and extends in both the directions without end (infinitely).

Those are the lines which are straight, no curve, we can extend them in both the directions.





Triangle

Triangle has 

• 3 sides (3 lines)
• 3 points (3 Corners)
• No curve
• flat

  

Those are some triangle shapes which has 3 sides,3 points,no curve




Quadrilateral

A quadrilateral which means

• four sided shape
• should be closed
• flat shape
• no curve only straight sides

 

Those are some quadrilateral shapes.
Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Parallelogram, Trapezium are quadrilaterals which have their own properties.

Square

A Square has

• four sided shape which have equal length
• flat shape
• no curve only straight sides
• should be closed

(All angles must be 90 degree)








Rectangle

• four sided shape where its Opposite sides should be equal in length
• flat shape
• no curve only straight sides
• should be closed

(All angles must be 90 degree)

we can say square is also a rectangle. since square has all the four sides equal which means its opposite sides should be equal.


Rhombus

• four sided shape where all its sides should be equal in length
• Opposite sides must be parallel
• flat shape
• no curve only straight sides
• should be closed

(Opposite angles must be equal)
 we can say square is also a rhombus. since square has all the four sides equal and its opposite sides are parallel. sometimes rhombus can also called as diamond.


Parallelogram

• four sided shape where its Opposite sides should be equal in length
• flat shape
• no curve only straight sides
• should be closed

 

(Opposite angles must be same)
we can say square,rhombus,rectangle are also parallelogram. 




Circle
The circle is a plane shape. The set of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from a center.

Those are in circle shape. All the lines passes through the center must be equal in length.





Oval

An oval is any curve that looks like an egg or an ellipse.

Oval is not a circle since all the lines passes through the center is NOT equal in length.



Solid Shapes

Solid shapes is the shape of three dimensional space, that is the kind of space we live in. (in simple words, its not a flat object.) 

Sphere

A 3-dimensional object shaped like a ball. Every point on the surface is same distance from the center.

• No flat faces
• one curve face
• Example : Ball

Cube

A box shaped solid object that has 6 identical square faces.

• No curve faces
• 6 flat faces
• flat faces must be in identical square
• Example : Ice cubes

Cuboid

A box shaped solid object that has 6 identical Rectangle faces.

• No curve faces
• 6 flat faces
• flat faces must be in identical rectangle
• Example : Rectangular box

cone

A solid 3-dimensional object with a circular flat base joined to a curved side that ends in an apex point.

• one curve face
• one flat face (in circle)
• Example : Birthday cone cap, cone ice creams

Cylinder

A solid object with two identical flat ends that are circular or elliptical and one curved side.

• One curve face
• two flat circular face
• Example : cans

Math KG : Putting it Together 2

Problem Solving

1) Treasure is hidden under one of these numbered stones. Use the map and the clues below to find the correct stone where the treasure is. Colour this stone.

Clue 1 : The number is in this number pattern.
2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , . . .

Clue 2 : The number is between 15 and 18.

here they have given two clues.

Clue 1 : Number pattern ( increasing , twos )
2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 20

Clue 2 : The number is between 15 and 18.
that is 16 , 17

 16 is the common number present in both Clue 1 and Clue 2

Hence Treasure is hidden Under 16.





2) Find Rita's and Tom's Number.

Rita : I have a number. It is 2 more than Ari's number and smaller than Mini's number. The number is in this number pattern. 
Start with 19. Count back in twos.

Min : My number is 15.

Ari : My number is smaller than Min's number. It is a two digit number.

Tom : I have a number. It is 2 less than Ari's number. It is a single digit number.

its given that Min's number = 15

Ari's number is smaller than Min's number also its a two digit number

smaller than min's number also two digit number = 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 10

( 9,8,7,... are all smaller than 15 but they are all single digit (one digit) number)

So Ari's number be any one of these 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 10

Tom's number be  2 less than Ari's number. It is a single digit number.

2 less than Ari's number = 12 , 11 , 10 , 9 , 8

2 less than Ari's number & It is a single digit number = 9 , 8

So Tom's number be 9 , 8

Rita's number be in this  number pattern. Start with 19. Count back in twos.

that is 19 , 17 , 15 , 13 , 11 , 9 , 7 , 5 , 3 , 1

Also It is 2 more than Ari's number = 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12

also,
smaller than Mini's number = 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 10 , 9 , 8 , 7 , 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

from the above three clues, 13 is common in all the clues

hence Rita's number be 13

Math KG : Putting it together 1

Further practice

1) Circle the group with the greater number of things.

By seeing the picture kids can easily find out the greater number of groups.

lets teach them how to check it out.

first count and write the number of circles in each group

we have 9 circles in one group and 7 circles in another group.

In counting number , 7 comes first then 9 comes.

(counting number always be in increasing order)

Hence a group which has 9 circles is the greater number of circles.


2) Which number is bigger?

a) 11 or 5 

Counting number, 5 comes first then 11 comes.
Hence 11 is the bigger number.

b) 19 or 16

Counting number, 16 comes first then 19 comes.
Hence 19 is the bigger number.

3) Look at the box of pencils.
Can 18 children each have a pencil?
Write YES or NO. Explain Why?
1 Child ----  1 pencil
2 Children ---- 2 pencils
3 Children ---- 3 pencils
18 Children ---- 18 pencils
( if we have 18 children atleast we need 18 pencils )

We have 18 Children, if each children can have 1 pencil we need 18 pencils.

In our Pencil box we have 20 pencils

20 Pencils > 18 children

which means 18 children can have 1 pencil and 2 pencils left.

Yes 18 children each can have a pencil.
Number of pencils is greater than the number of children.

4) look at this number track.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Write a number that is smaller than 16 but greater than 13

Method 1

first lets mark smaller than 16 (which means counting order-backwards from 16)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

now lets mark greater than 13

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

 now, 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

14 and 15 are common in both

hence 14 and 15 are the numbers that are smaller than 16 but greater than 13


Method 2

Smaller than 16 : 15 14 13 12 11 10 

Greater than 13 : 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

now we have to check the common numbers present in both 

Smaller than 16 : 15 14 13 12 11 10 

Greater than 13 : 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

hence 14 and 15 are the numbers that are smaller than 16 but greater than 13

Method 3

Smaller than 16 but greater than 13
we have to list the numbers greater than 16 and stops before 13 (because Smaller than 16 but greater than 13)

15,14 

hence 14 and 15 are the numbers that are smaller than 16 but greater than 13

5) Count the number of fruit.

Strawberries : 16
Oranges : 20
Pears : 17

Fill in the blanks with strawberries, oranges or pears.

a) The number of __________ is the greatest

lets take the numbers alone

16,20 and 17

here 20 is the biggest number since it comes last in counting numbers

Oranges - 20

hence The number of Oranges (20) is the greatest

b) The number of ___________ is the smallest

lets take the numbers alone

16,20 and 17

here 16 is the smallest number since it comes first in counting numbers

Strawberries - 16

hence The number of Strawberries (16) is the smallest

6) Fill in the missing numbers.

a) 1 less than 9 is 8 (given 1 less than, so we have to go one step backward )

b) 2 more than 11 is 13 ( given 2 more than, so we have to go two steps ahead )

c) 12 is 2 less than 14 ( given 2 less than, so we have to go two steps backward from 14 )

d) 19 is 1 more than 18 ( given 1 more than, so we have to go one step 
ahead from 18 )

e) 22 is 10 more than 12 (22 is greater than 12 so its more and from 22 to reach 12 , it takes ten steps)

f) 6 is 10 less than 16 (6 is smaller than 16 so its less and from 6 to reach 16, it takes ten steps)

7) There are 19 cherries in a basket. Rita puts 1 more cherry into the basket. How many cherries are there in the basket now?

19 cherries are there. Rita puts one more candy to that.

ONE MORE which means leave a finger and count ahead 

that is 20.

hence there are 20 cherries now

8) a) Write a number between 6 and 12

To find the between numbers,

in counting order, start next to 6 and stops before 12

so, 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 are the numbers between 6 and 12

7 is one of a number between 6 and 12

b) Write a number between 11 and 19

To find the between numbers,

in counting order, start next to 11 and stops before 19

so, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18  are the numbers between 11 and 19

14 is one of a number between 11 and 19

9) Tom, Rita and Ari play a computer game.

Tom : My score is 17 points
Rita : My Score is 2 less than Ari's
Ari : My score is one more than Tom's

Write the scores in order.
Begin with the largest ______ , _____ , ______

we know Tom's score = 17 points

To find Rita's Score we need to find Ari's score first.

Ari's score is one more than Tom's

that is move ahead one step from 17(Tom's score)

Ari's score = 18

Rita's score is 2 less than Ari's

that is move backward two steps from 18 (Ari's score)

Rita score = 16

17,18,16 are the score of Tom , Ari , Rita

Lets write in order (with biggest)

18 , 17 , 16


10) Look at this pattern.
Draw what comes next and write the number.

first they have given 8 circles.
if we cancel out 2 circles we will get the next pattern 6
similarly if we cancel out 2 circles again we will get the next pattern 4
to get the next pattern we have to cancel out 2 more circles which gives 2

11) Write the missing numbers in these patterns.

a) 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ( 1 more , count ahead )

b) 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 ( 2 more , count ahead )

c) 10 , 8 , 6 , 4 , 2 , 0 ( 2 less , count back )

d) 10 , 9 , 8 , 7 , 6 , 5 ( 1 less , count back )

12) Tom has some stickers.
The number of stickers is between 13 and 18.
What is the greatest number of stickers that Tom can have?

First we have to find the numbers between 13 and 18

lets list numbers from 13 to 18

13 14 15 16 17 18

numbers between 13 and 18 = 14 , 15 , 16 , 17

here the greatest number is 17

hence Tom can have 17 number of stickers

13) Put these numbers in order. Begin with the smallest.

17 , 0 , 8 , 2 , 11 , 9

Counting number order which goes like 1,2,3,4,5...

here we have 0. 0 which means nothing.

with 0 if we add 1 more we will get 1.

So 0 comes before 1 that is,

0,1,2,3,4,5...

now lets write with the smallest

0 , 2 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 17